He explained how Henry VII had achieved what he set out to do, he had passed on the crown successfully. After Edward retook the throne in 1471, Henry Tudor spent 14 years in exile in Brittany. The new prince was the embodiment of the red and white rose, he was the Tudor rose incarnate. Poor Henry VII. He died shortly afterwards in Carmarthen Castle. Fittingly he dressed in expensive black. England had been ravaged for decades by conspiracy, violence, murders, coups and countercoups. [citation needed], Henry honoured his pledge of December 1483 to marry Elizabeth of York and the wedding took place in 1486 at Westminster Abbey. In the late 20th century a model of European state formation was prominent in which Henry less resembles Louis and Ferdinand. Together, they had seven children. As his mother was only 14 when he was born and soon married again, Henry was brought up by his uncle Jasper Tudor, earl of Pembroke. In response to this threat within his own household, the King instituted more rigid security for access to his person. France, Burgundy, the Holy Roman Empire, Spain and the Hanseatic League all rejected the treaty, which was never in force. An ally of Henry's, Viscount Jean du Qulennec[fr], soon arrived, bringing news that Francis had recovered, and in the confusion Henry was able to flee to a monastery. The rest, as we say, is history; Richard III was defeated at the Battle of Bosworth and Henry Tudor had arrived out of nowhere and avenged the death of the little princes in the tower, although there is some debate as to who was actually responsible for their murder. The treaty marks a shift from neutrality over the French invasion of Brittany to active intervention against it. Henry VIII Books Exploring the Best Books on Englands Most Infamous King, 18 February 1516 The birth of Queen Mary I, daughter of Henry VIII and Catherine of Aragon. Penn explained how Henry reworked recent events to suit him. Penn's picture of a reign of terror carries disturbing echoes of the Roman historian Tacitus's account of the emperor Tiberius, another ruler whose abridgements of liberty followed an era of civil strife. Their chief task was to see that the laws of the country were obeyed in their area. He had unified the kingdom, accrued immense wealth and created the most notorious dynasty in English history: the Tudors. Henry VII introduced stability to the financial administration of England by keeping the same financial advisors throughout his reign. ), Humphrey Stafford, 1st Duke of Buckingham, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Henry_VII_of_England&oldid=1141813382, Wikipedia articles needing page number citations from September 2021, Articles incorporating a citation from the 1913 Catholic Encyclopedia with Wikisource reference, Articles incorporating text from the 1913 Catholic Encyclopedia with Wikisource reference, Wikipedia articles incorporating a citation from the ODNB, Pages containing links to subscription-only content, Wikipedia articles needing page number citations from August 2021, Wikipedia articles incorporating a citation from the 1911 Encyclopaedia Britannica with Wikisource reference, Short description is different from Wikidata, Wikipedia indefinitely semi-protected pages, Articles with unsourced statements from October 2020, Articles needing additional references from October 2020, All articles needing additional references, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, Katherine (2 February 1503 10 February 1503), This page was last edited on 26 February 2023, at 23:16. [12], Henry lived in the Herbert household until 1469, when Richard Neville, Earl of Warwick (the "Kingmaker"), went over to the Lancastrians. [57], In 1506, Henry extorted the Treaty of Windsor from Philip the Handsome, Duke of Burgundy. There were too many powerful noblemen and, as a consequence of the system of so-called bastard feudalism, each had what amounted to private armies of indentured retainers (mercenaries masquerading as servants). When the Lancastrian cause crashed to disaster at the Battle of Tewkesbury (May 1471), Jasper took the boy out of the country and sought refuge in the duchy of Brittany. You can find out more on the conflicts between England and France, the Wars of the Roses and also the Tudors in our history courses. Penn showed a genealogical roll that had belonged to the de la Pole family which showed Henry VI being the end of the Lancastrian line and the Yorkist line continuing on to Richard III. Edward would have liked to rid himself of Henry, a rival to his throne, but Francis kept Henry safe. Old rivalries simmered, however. BBC - History - Henry VIII: Majesty with Menace Henry Tudor is a familiar name to students of English history, especially the military side of it. Articles from Britannica Encyclopedias for elementary and high school students. The Great Debasement - Wikipedia Get a Britannica Premium subscription and gain access to exclusive content. Consultant editor for the. When Henry VIII Wrestled the King of Franceand Lost For Henry VII, it was all about the money and stability. King Henry the VII and King Henry the VIII both feared being invaded by foreign countries. Henry's father, Edmund Tudor, 1st Earl of Richmond, a half-brother of Henry VI of England and a member of the Welsh Tudors of Penmynydd, died three months before his son Henry was born. [9] He took it, as well as the standard of St. George, on his procession through London after the victory at Bosworth. Henry had only been accepted as King because the Princes in the Tower, the sons of Edward IV, were dead, so when Yorkist exiles groomed Perkin Warbeck to pose as one of the princes and raised an army it was a huge threat. The baby died and Elizabeth, herself, died on 11th February 1503, her 37th birthday. It was not until 1506, when he imprisoned Suffolk in the Tower of London, that Henry could at last feel safe. On the other side of the coin, instead of the cross, was a Tudor rose and the arms of England. There are an awful lot of books written about the Tudor era, both fiction and non-fiction, so you have to ask whether this book adds anything new. His supportive policy toward England's wool industry and his standoff with the Low Countries had long-lasting benefit to the English economy. After the Holy Roman Emperor . When Richard III became King, Henrys strategy, planned by Margaret Beaufort, the mother whom he had not seen for years, was to declare in public, in Brittanys Rennes Cathedral, that he would marry Edward IVs daughter Elizabeth, then in sanctuary with her mother, and thus bury the enmity between Lancaster and York by making her his queen. Indeed he was born in winter, on January 28th 1457, in Pembroke Castle, in Wales and that is one of the reasons why the Welsh dragon always formed part of his insignia. Henry then consolidated his reign with magnificent architecture, an opulent household and money. Henry VII was king of England from 1485 to 1509. Life at court was merry under Henry 8th, a fresh new beginning likened to springtime. The Winter King is also the title of a book by Thomas Penn, and a useful read. Several of Richard's key allies, such as Henry Percy, 4th Earl of Northumberland, and also Lord Stanley and his brother William, crucially switched sides or left the battlefield. He had, Bacon added, much to be suspicious about, "his times" being "full of secret conspiracies and troubles". After his death, a commission found widespread abuses in the tax collection process. In 1497 Warbeck landed in Cornwall with a few thousand troops, but was soon captured and executed. [24][17][25] He was 29 years old, she was 20. He was the first monarch of the House of Tudor.[a]. [11] When Edward IV became King in 1461, Jasper Tudor went into exile abroad. During Henry's early years, his uncle Henry VI was fighting against Edward IV, a member of the Yorkist Plantagenet branch. This is why he named the book the Winter King. Up to a point, he succeeded. About Press Copyright Contact us Creators Advertise Developers Terms Privacy Policy & Safety How YouTube works Test new features NFL Sunday Ticket Press Copyright . Sophia Money-Coutts: Sensitivity readers don't want Henry VIII to be The first rising, that of Lord Lovell, Richard IIIs chamberlain, in 1486 was ill-prepared and unimportant, but in 1487 came the much more serious revolt of Lambert Simnel. Henry marries Catherine of Aragon. [citation needed], In 1506, Grand Master of the Knights Hospitaller Emery d'Amboise asked Henry VII to become the protector and patron of the Order, as he had an interest in the crusade. Scapegoats were needed for Henry VIIs reign, people to blame for the old regime, so Edmund Dudley was imprisoned and executed on trumped up charges. [70] Henry VII falls among the minority of British monarchs that never had any known mistresses, and for the times, it is very unusual that he did not remarry: his son Henry was the only male heir left after the death of his wife, thus the death of Arthur created a precarious political position for the House of Tudor. Henry VII was the King of England and Lord of Ireland from his seizure of the crown on 22 August 1485 to his death. Sometimes, Penn explained, charges against people were fabricated so that they would have to pay a fine, for example, a man who was charged with murdering a child and who was found guilty because the jury was rigged. Shakespeare, drawn to the colour on either side of the reign, skipped it. 4. His legacy was his son, Henry VIII, lucky old England Penn commented. The significant role played by bitcoin for businesses! If he trusted anyone, it would be his queen and why not, since both had so much in common both being familiar with being in sanctuary, and pawns in the game of power? Winter King: Henry VII and the Dawn of Tudor England - Goodreads [72] Immediately afterwards, Henry became very sick and nearly died himself, allowing only his mother Margaret Beaufort near him: "privily departed to a solitary place, and would that no man should resort unto him. His regime was magnificent, yet terrifying and oppressive. Hidden under the floor in St George's Chapel in Windsor, England where thousands of people walk every day, a forgotten tomb lies. Henry VII The Winter King is also the title of a book by Thomas Penn, and a useful read. The Great Debasement (1544-1551) was a currency debasement policy introduced in 1544 England under the order of Henry VIII which saw the amount of precious metal in gold and silver coins reduced and in some cases replaced entirely with cheaper base metals such as copper. At the same time, Flemish merchants were ejected from England. Royal Collection Trust At the summit, even dinnerware testified to its owner's status. Henry Tudor, named after his father, Henry VII, was born by Elizabeth of York June 28, 1491 in Greenwich Palace. Famed British author Thomas Penn takes an extraordinary journey into the dark and chilling world of the first Tudor King, Henry VII. Unfortunately, since all I really wanted to know about was learning about Henry the 7th and his family as people - the things that happened to them, what kind of people they were, etc. Henry had only been accepted as King because the Princes in the Tower, the sons of Edward IV, were dead, so when Yorkist exiles groomed Perkin Warbeck to pose as one of the princes and raised an army it was a huge threat. By 1500, Henry felt safer and things were looking good. [citation needed] Nonetheless, by 1483 Henry was the senior male Lancastrian claimant remaining after the deaths in battle, by murder or execution of Henry VI (son of Henry V and Catherine of Valois), his son Edward of Westminster, Prince of Wales, and the other Beaufort line of descent through Lady Margaret's uncle, Edmund Beaufort, 2nd Duke of Somerset. Henry VII: The Winter King (95) 59min 2013 PG. 7.1 59min 2013 16+. This approach raised puzzling questions about similarities and differences in the development of national states. For instance, except for the first few months of the reign, the Baron Dynham and the Earl of Surrey were the only Lord High Treasurers throughout his reign. This book is a nonfiction look at King Henry the VII. [citation needed] The first was the 1486 rebellion of the Stafford brothers, abetted by Viscount Lovell, which collapsed without fighting. Luther gained support for his ideas and Europe became . Its restoration by the Magnus Intercursus was very much to England's benefit in removing taxation for English merchants and significantly increasing England's wealth. But, his enemies didnt agree. Henry VII was born in Pembroke Castle , Wales, on January 28 th, 1457. [64] This made Henry VII's second son, Henry, Duke of York, heir apparent to the throne. Inadvertently, he provoked a revolution. Loyalty was ensured, and the nobility was effectively neuteredand Henry became the richest monarch in Europe. Philip had been shipwrecked on the English coast, and while Henry's guest, was bullied into an agreement so favourable to England at the expense of the Netherlands that it was dubbed the Malus Intercursus ("evil agreement"). What did the people of England think of Henry VIII? - eNotes.com